Propylene glycol acts as a precursor, leading to increased glucose production in the liver, which in turn raises blood glucose levels. It also aids in the elimination of ketone bodies and accelerates overall metabolism.

When orally administered, propylene glycol is absorbed unchanged and then metabolized into either oxaloacetate (essential for acetic acid and butyric acid metabolism) or glucose. Propylene glycol is preferred over glucose administration because glucose requires injection; if given orally, it ferments in the rumen, worsening ketosis. Propylene glycol also has a longer-lasting effect than glycerol.

Furthermore, choline assists fatty acid metabolism by transporting fats from the liver. Cobalt sulfate, by aiding in vitamin B12 production, improves carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, and prevents anorexia.